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"date": "2003-04-07T00:00:00",
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"url": "http://register.consilium.europa.eu/servlet/driver?page=Result&lang=EN&typ=Advanced&cmsid=639&ff_COTE_DOCUMENT=7038%2F03&fc=REGAISEN&srm=25&md=100",
"text": [
"\n
PURPOSE : to present the 2002 Annual report on the main\naspects and basic choices of CFSP, including the financial\nimplications for the general budget of the European\nCommunities.
\nCONTENT : the Inter-Institutional Agreement (IIA) of 6 May 1999\nprovides that \"once a year the Council Presidency will consult the\nEuropean Parliament on a Council document setting out the main\naspects and basic choices of the CFSP, including the financial\nimplications for the general budget of the European\nCommunities\".
\nThe present report covers the year 2002 and also looks at\nperspectives for future action in accordance with the practice\nfollowed since the 1999 report.
\nThis report follows the same criteria as those used for the\nprevious reports, namely:
\n- its scope is limited to the description of CFSP activities, e.g.\ncommon positions, joint actions and implementing decisions,\ndeclarations and dΘmarches, political dialogue (where\nappropriate, and necessary in order to provide a comprehensive view\nof the activities, reference is made to actions falling outside\nTitle V of the TEU);
\n- it is complementary to the chapter on external relations of the\nannual report on the progress of the European Union presented to\nthe Parliament in application of Article 4 of the TEU;
\n- the broad priorities of the Union's external relations, as\nexpressed for example in European Council conclusions, are included\nin the Article 4 TEU-report mentioned above.
\nThe main aspects and basic choices of CFSP section sets out CFSP\naction in the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe and Central Asia,\nCentral and Eastern Europe, South Eastern Europe, Middle East Peace\nProcess, the Mediterranean Region, the Maghreb, Middle East/Gulf,\nAsia-Oceania, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and\nTransatlantic relations.
\nThe security and defence issues section sets out CFSP action on\ncrisis management, conflict prevention, security, disarmament and\nnon-proliferation, the EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports, small\narms, light weapons and anti-personnel landmines, the Chemical\nWeapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons\nConvention.
\nThe global questions/multilateral fora section covers the fight\nagainst terrorism, human rights, the United Nations, the\nInternational Criminal Court, the OSCE and Council of Europe.
\nThe section on legal acts involving financing from the CFSP lines\nof the Community's budget lists the different activities in this\narea. The section on legal acts without financial implications\nlists the Common Positions and Joint Actions adopted in 2002 which\ndid not involve financial expenditure. The section on other CFSP\nactivities sets out the different declarations, demarches,\npolitical dialogue and reports of Heads of Missions in 2002.
\nThe section on perspectives for future action sets out the likely\nCFSP priorities in each geographical area, on security and defence,\nand on global/multilateral issues.
\nREGIONAL PRIORITIES :
\n- Central and Eastern Europe remains a preoccupation for the Union\nwith the enlargement process in May 2004. It should be noted that\neven if Turkey does not become a member of the Union at this time,\npolitical dialogue will be pursued and intensified. - Eastern\nEurope, Central Asia and Russia : these relations havebeen further\nintensified and an agreement was reached concerning Kaliningrad's\nposition in the enlarged European Union.
\nIn light of the detailed proposals of the Commission and the High\nRepresentative on the New Neighbours Initiative, the EU will\ndiscuss on how to develop relations with Ukraine, Moldova and\nBelarus.
\nOn the other hand, the EU remained seriously concerned at the\ncontinuing deterioration of democracy and rule of law in Belarus as\nwell as the non-fulfilment of Belarus' international commitments.\nMoreover, relations have also deteriorated with the Caucasus.
\nAmongst the other priorities of the European Union is the Middle\nEast.
\nThe situation concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict further\ndeteriorated. The spiral of violence continued and an increasing\nnumber of civilians on both sides lost their lives or were injured.\nThe International Community continued to search for a way out of\nthis crisis. In this context the EU played a very active role\nwithin the Quartet (EU, Russia, US, UN) mainly through HR Solana\nand EUSR Moratinos at Envoys level.
\nIn particular, the EU presented the other Quartet members with a a\njoint roadmap with clear timelines for the establishment of a\nPalestinian State by 2005.
\nThe report also notes the renewal of the commitments\nvis-à-vis the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. The Spanish\nPresidency organised the fifth Conference of Foreign Ministers in\nValencia on 22/23 April, which marked a renewed mutual commitment\nand gave greater depth to the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, which\nshould contribute to regional stability and peace, in particular\nthrough the reinforcement of the sense of co-ownership of the\nBarcelona Process. Syria and Lebanon did not attend.
\nIn the Middle East/Gulf, EU-Iran relations deepened significantly\nin 2002. The Council reached political agreement on the opening of\nnegotiations with Iran on a Trade and Cooperation Agreement and on\nprovisions for political dialogue and counter-terrorism.
\nAs regards IRAQ, on 19 November, the Council welcomed the unanimous\nadoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1441, which gave Iraq a\nfinal opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations.
\nConcerning ASIA-OCEANIA, the report recalls that throughout 2002,\nthe EU continued to attach high importance to the EU-ASEAN\nrelationship and to promote the EU-ASEAN dialogue as a fundamental\nbuilding block for the strategic partnership between Europe and\nAsia. 2002 was also a busy and successful year for the ASEM\nprocess.
\nOn a bilateral level, the report states that in 2002, the EU was\nthe largest donor to Afghanistan. The EU engaged with the Afghans\nauthorities in key policy areas such as human rights, legal reform,\npolice training, and education. EU Member States have significantly\ncontributed to ISAF, and Germany and The Netherlands announced\ntheir resolve to take over the leadership of ISAF as from February\n2003.
\nIn addition, the EU warmly welcomed East Timor's independence on 20\nMay 2002, congratulated the people and the elected representatives,\nand commended the East Timorese people for their constant efforts,\nwhich were finally rewarded. The EU underlined that East Timor's\nchoice of democracy and of sound and friendly relations with their\nneighbours was the only way to achieve peaceand progress. Moreover,\nthe EU anticipated East Timor's accession to the Cotonou\nAgreement.
\nRegarding Indonesia, the dialogue between the EU and Indonesia\ncontinued to develop throughout 2002, and the close relations\nbetween the two sides became even more important after the\nterrorist attacks in Bali on October 12, 2002.
\nThe African continent was subject to particular attention at the\nsecond Africa-Europe Ministerial Meeting in Ouagadougou on 28\nNovember 2002. The meeting confirmed the commitment of Heads of\nState and Government to give impetus to and monitor implementation\nof the Cairo Plan of Action and to work towards a new strategic\ndimension for the comprehensive partnership between Africa and\nEurope.
\nWith regard to the links between the Union and the Latin American\ncountries, the report highlights the revitalisation of the San\nJosΘ Process under the Spanish presidency.
\nSECURITY AND DEFENCE ISSUES : in particular concerning the issue of\ncrisis management : during the year 2002, the Crisis management\nprocedures and conceptual basis for the conduct of Crisis\nmanagement operations were further refined. Particular emphasis was\nput on the strengthening of civil-military coordination in EU\ncrisis management in order to ensure an effective response to a\ncrisis. The Council welcomed an Action Plan in this respect.
\n The EU's first crisis management exercise, CME 02, was conducted\nin May 2002 and helped test, in the context of a fictitious crisis,\nESDP structures, procedures and arrangements.
\nAs a result of the commitments made by the Member States, the EU\nwas able to set up a European Union police mission (EUPM) in Bosnia\nand Herzegovina, which tookover from the UN International Police\nTask Force (IPTF) on 1 January 2003 as the EU's first operation\nunder ESDP.
\nIt will contribute to other EU and international efforts to support\nthe rule of law and democratic structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina\nand provide an important source of experience for the EU in the\nfuture development of crisis management capabilities. All EU Member\nStates and 18 third states are contributing personnel to the\nmission, comprising 500 police officers and more than 300\ninternational civilian and local staff.
\nThe year 2002 also marks the declared readiness by the European\nUnion to take over two military operations in the Balkans: the NATO\nOperation 'Amber Fox' (since December named 'Allied Harmony') and\nthe NATO-led Operation SFOR in Bosnia.
\nThe agreement with NATO reached in December on Berlin Plus will\nallow for close consultations with NATO in crisis management as\nwell as for the recourse by the EU to NATO assets and capabilities\nonce all detailed arrangements are in place.
\nConcerning conflict prevention, work within the European Union on\nconflict prevention continued during 2002 on the basis of the EU\nprogramme for the prevention of violent conflicts endorsed by the\nEuropean Council in Göteborg in 2001. Steps have been taken\ntowards a more systematic approach to early warning.
\nConcerning the Kimberley Process : during 2002, the Commission\nconducted negotiations on behalf of the European Community on an\nagreement establishing an international certification scheme for\nrough diamonds. The purpose of the scheme is to prevent \"conflict\"\ndiamonds from fuelling armed conflicts and discrediting the\nlegitimate market for rough diamonds, whichmakes an important\neconomic contribution, not least to certain developing countries in\nAfrica. The scheme was launched at a Kimberley Process ministerial\nmeeting in November 2002.
\n- Security, disarmament and non-proliferation :
\nThe EU continued its active involvement in political measures\nagainst proliferation of missiles and related technology. The year\n2002 marked a milestone in this work. As a result of active\nleadership by the EU, and in particular Spanish and Danish\nPresidencies, the multilateral process to launch International Code\nof Conduct against ballistic missile proliferation was successfully\nachieved in November,
\n- Small arms, light weapons and anti-personnel landmines :
\nThe EU remains committed to the goal of total elimination of\nanti-personnel landmines world-wide. The EU continued its dialogue\non small arms with various regions in order to stress the need for\na prompt implementation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent,\nCombat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light\nWeapons in All Its Aspects.
\nLastly, the report deals with the global and multilateral questions\ndebated on an international level. Such as
\n- the fight against terrorism : in order to enhance the efforts of\nthe EU in this field, economic and financial measures were taken to\ndry up the sources of terrorist funding.
\nThe Council adopted a joint Commission and Council programme on 20\nDecember. The programme will improve cooperation in the European\nUnion on preventing and limiting the consequences of chemical,\nbiological, radiological or nuclear threats. The overall aim of the\nprogramme is to increase the efficiency of the measures taken at\nnational and EU level with regard to terrorist CBRN threats. The\nprogramme will be implemented in 2003 according to the strategic\nobjectives that need to be addressed and the area where further\naction is required.
\n- Huamn rights : the protection and promotion of human rights and\nfundamental freedoms is one of the founding principles of the\nCommon Foreign and Security Policy, and this principle was\nconstantly stressed in the EU's bilateral relations as well as in\nits activities in multilateral fora. In addition to continuing to\naddress human rights violations around the world, the EU played an\nactive role in the promotion of respect for human rights. (Please\nrefer to INI/2002/2011). It should also be noted that the Union\nsupports the International Penal Court.
\nPERSPECTIVES FOR FUTURE ACTIONS :
\nThe Union will continue its efforts to strengthen the CFSP,\nincluding by developing and refining the instruments available to\nit, such as the role of the High Representative and the EU Special\nRepresentatives. A number of activities, and in some instances\ntheir effectiveness, will depend also on the availability of\nadequate financial resources in the CFSP budget. The issues likely\nto dominate the work of the Council in the area of the CFSP in 2003\nare outlined below.
\n- Western Balkans : the Council will continue to actively promote\nsecurity, political stability, democratisation and economic\ndevelopment in all five countries of the region.
\n- the Middle East peace process : Middle East Peace Process:\nDespite the increasing tension in the region, also against the\nbackground of the Iraq crisis, the EU will continue to contribute\nactively to the search for peace and stability, in particular\nthrough the rapid implementation of the Quartet's roadmap.
\n- Eastern Europe and Central Asia: The Union will carry out a\nglobal assessment of EU-Russia relations with a view to identify\npossible new mechanisms of cooperation to be discussed at the\nEU-Russia Summit in St. Petersburg in May 2003. The Union will\nfollow closely the situation in Chechnya, including the referendum\non the Constitution in March 2003.
\n- regarding the European Security and Defence Policy, the Council\nwill continue to give priority to the development of the European\nUnion's military capabilities so as to achieve the headline goal\nset at Helsinki for 2003. 2003 should see the conclusion of\narrangements detailing the modalities for implementing the NATO/EU\nrelationship as regards crisis management.
\nIn 2003 the Union is to launch its first military operation in the\nFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. This operation, which will\nfollow on from the NATO operation, will demonstrate the Union's\nsupport for the process under way in the FYROM. This operation will\nmake use of the NATO planning capabilities, as well as NATO common\nassets and capabilities.
\nFINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CFSP :
\n1) WESTERN BALKANS : concerning the budget, similar to previous\nyears, this mainly concerns the western Balkans which have\nmonopolised the main financial efforts of the Community in the\nfield of CFSP.
\n- the Council formally implemented the agreement reached in\nprinciple at its 28 January session by adopting a joint action\nextending the mandate of the EU Special Representative in the\nFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Alain Le Roy, until 30 June\n2002. Mr Le Roy was appointed as EUSR on 29 October 2001. The EU\nSpecial Representative's role is to establish and maintain close\ncontact with the government of FYROM and the parties involved in\nthe political process and to offer the EU's advice and facilitation\nin the political process. The financial reference amount was set at\nEUR 100.000 to cover the administrative expenditure. On 25 June,\nthe Council approved the Joint Action extending the mandate of Mr\nAlain Le Roy, for six months from 1 July to 31 December 2002. The\nfinancial reference amount was set at EUR 150.000 for this\nperiod.
\nOn 21 October, the Council adopted a Joint Action concerning the\nappointment of a new Special Representative of the European Union\nin the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by which, Mr Alexis\nBrouhns replaced Mr Alain Le Roy as the Special Representative of\nthe European Union in Skopje from 1 November 2002. On 10 December\n2002 the Council extended the mandate until 30 June 2003(financial\nstatement set at EUR 288.000).
\n- EU Police Mission (EUPM) in Bosnia-and-Herzegovina (follow-on\nfrom the UN International Police Mission) : financial arrangements\n: EUR 14 million for start-up costs for 2002 and up to EUR 38\nmillion for annual running costs for the years 2003-2005) of which\na reference amount of EUR 20 million shall be financed from the\ngeneral budget of the EU.
\nThe Council also adopted a Joint Action concerning the appointment\nof Lord Ashdown as the European Union Special Representative (EUSR)\nin Bosnia-and-Herzegovina. The Council adopted a decision\nappointing Mr. Sven Christian Frederiksen as Head of Mission/Police\nCommissioner of the European Police Mission in\nBosnia-and-Herzegovina as from 1 January 2003. Until that date, Mr.\nFrederiksen will act as Police Head of Mission/Head of the Planning\nTeam. The decision applies until 31 December 2005.
\n2) SOUTHERN CAUCASUS (Georgia) : the Council adopted a Joint Action\nregarding a contribution of the European Union towards reinforcing\nthe capacity of the Georgian authorities to support and protect the\nOSCE Observer Mission on the border of Georgia with the Ingush and\nChechen Republics of the Russian Federation. The amount allocated\nto the Joint Action is EUR 100 000.
\n3) MIDDLE EAST/GULF : the Council adopted the Joint Action\nextending the mandate of Mr Miguel Moratinos as Special\nRepresentative for the Middle East Peace Process until 30 June\n2003. The financial reference amount was set at EUR EUR 621\n000.
\n4) SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE : the Council also adopted the Joint Action\nextending the mandate of Mr Erhard Busek as Special Representative\nfor the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe until 30 June 2003.\nThe financial reference amount was set at EUR 160 000 from the\nCouncil's administrative budget and EUR 841,000from the CFSP\nbudget.
\n5) ASIA :
\n- Afghanistan : the Council adopted a joint action to extend the\nmandate of the European Union Special Representative for\nAfghanistan, Mr Klaus Klaiber, until 30 June 2002. The financial\nreference amount was set at EUR 30 000.The joint action of 10\nDecember 2001 appointing the Special Representative expired on 10\nJune 2002.
\nFollowing the agreement reached by the Council on 17 June 2002\nconcerning the nomination of Francesc Vendrell as the new Special\nRepresentative of the European Union in Afghanistan, replacing Mr\nKlaiber. Mr Vendrell was appointed for a period of six months from\n1 July to 31 December 2002. The financial reference amount was set\nat EUR 250 000. His mandate was subsequently extended until 30 June\n2003 by Joint Action adopted by the Council on 10 December 2002.\nThe financial reference amount was set at EUR 341 000.
\n6) AFRICA : the Council extended the mandate of Mr Aldo Ajello as\nEU Special Representative for the African Great Lakes region\nuntil30 June 2003 (financial reference amount: EUR 341 000).
\n7) THEMATIC ISSUES : other than regional aid, the Union contributes\nfinancially to the following issues:
\n- disarmament and non-proliferation : a financial contribution of\nEUR 645 000 to the unit of experts under the European Union\nCooperation Programme for Non-proliferation and Disarmament in the\nRussian Federation. This Decision is intended to provide for the\nprogramme's continuation for 2002 and 2003;
\n- International code of conduct against ballistic missile\nproliferation : the financial support made available is EUR 55 000.\nThis support facilitated the launch of the Code of Conduct in The\nHague;
\n- Small arms and light weapons : the Council adopted a new Joint\nAction which aims in particular to include ammunition of small arms\nand light weapons, which was recognised as a cause for concern by\nthe Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms.
\nUnder the Joint Action, the EU seeks to build international\nconsensus on principles for combating the destabilising spread of\narms and light weapons and may provide financial and technical\nassistance to specific projects contributing to these principles,\nsuch as weapons collection, security sector reform and\ndemobilisation and reintegration programmes as well as specific\nvictim assistance programmes.
\nThe Council adopted the implementing Decision, which includes a\nbudget provision of EUR 200 000. Under this Decision the EU will\ncontribute to the \"South East Europe Regional Clearinghouse for\nSmall Arms Reduction\", located in Belgrade, which was established\nunder the auspices of the UNDP and the Stability Pact for SE\nEurope.
\nLastly, the Council adopted a Decision extending and amending\nDecision 1999/730/CFSP concerning a European Union contribution to\ncombating the destabilising accumulation and spread of small arms\nand light weapons in Cambodia. The European Union hereby extends\nits support for a further year, until 15 November 2003. The\nfinancial contribution is fixed at EUR 1,568,000.
\n
\n
PURPOSE : to present the 2002 Annual report on the main\naspects and basic choices of CFSP, including the financial\nimplications for the general budget of the European\nCommunities.
\nCONTENT : the Inter-Institutional Agreement (IIA) of 6 May 1999\nprovides that \"once a year the Council Presidency will consult the\nEuropean Parliament on a Council document setting out the main\naspects and basic choices of the CFSP, including the financial\nimplications for the general budget of the European\nCommunities\".
\nThe present report covers the year 2002 and also looks at\nperspectives for future action in accordance with the practice\nfollowed since the 1999 report.
\nThis report follows the same criteria as those used for the\nprevious reports, namely:
\n- its scope is limited to the description of CFSP activities, e.g.\ncommon positions, joint actions and implementing decisions,\ndeclarations and dΘmarches, political dialogue (where\nappropriate, and necessary in order to provide a comprehensive view\nof the activities, reference is made to actions falling outside\nTitle V of the TEU);
\n- it is complementary to the chapter on external relations of the\nannual report on the progress of the European Union presented to\nthe Parliament in application of Article 4 of the TEU;
\n- the broad priorities of the Union's external relations, as\nexpressed for example in European Council conclusions, are included\nin the Article 4 TEU-report mentioned above.
\nThe main aspects and basic choices of CFSP section sets out CFSP\naction in the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe and Central Asia,\nCentral and Eastern Europe, South Eastern Europe, Middle East Peace\nProcess, the Mediterranean Region, the Maghreb, Middle East/Gulf,\nAsia-Oceania, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and\nTransatlantic relations.
\nThe security and defence issues section sets out CFSP action on\ncrisis management, conflict prevention, security, disarmament and\nnon-proliferation, the EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports, small\narms, light weapons and anti-personnel landmines, the Chemical\nWeapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons\nConvention.
\nThe global questions/multilateral fora section covers the fight\nagainst terrorism, human rights, the United Nations, the\nInternational Criminal Court, the OSCE and Council of Europe.
\nThe section on legal acts involving financing from the CFSP lines\nof the Community's budget lists the different activities in this\narea. The section on legal acts without financial implications\nlists the Common Positions and Joint Actions adopted in 2002 which\ndid not involve financial expenditure. The section on other CFSP\nactivities sets out the different declarations, demarches,\npolitical dialogue and reports of Heads of Missions in 2002.
\nThe section on perspectives for future action sets out the likely\nCFSP priorities in each geographical area, on security and defence,\nand on global/multilateral issues.
\nREGIONAL PRIORITIES :
\n- Central and Eastern Europe remains a preoccupation for the Union\nwith the enlargement process in May 2004. It should be noted that\neven if Turkey does not become a member of the Union at this time,\npolitical dialogue will be pursued and intensified. - Eastern\nEurope, Central Asia and Russia : these relations havebeen further\nintensified and an agreement was reached concerning Kaliningrad's\nposition in the enlarged European Union.
\nIn light of the detailed proposals of the Commission and the High\nRepresentative on the New Neighbours Initiative, the EU will\ndiscuss on how to develop relations with Ukraine, Moldova and\nBelarus.
\nOn the other hand, the EU remained seriously concerned at the\ncontinuing deterioration of democracy and rule of law in Belarus as\nwell as the non-fulfilment of Belarus' international commitments.\nMoreover, relations have also deteriorated with the Caucasus.
\nAmongst the other priorities of the European Union is the Middle\nEast.
\nThe situation concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict further\ndeteriorated. The spiral of violence continued and an increasing\nnumber of civilians on both sides lost their lives or were injured.\nThe International Community continued to search for a way out of\nthis crisis. In this context the EU played a very active role\nwithin the Quartet (EU, Russia, US, UN) mainly through HR Solana\nand EUSR Moratinos at Envoys level.
\nIn particular, the EU presented the other Quartet members with a a\njoint roadmap with clear timelines for the establishment of a\nPalestinian State by 2005.
\nThe report also notes the renewal of the commitments\nvis-à-vis the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. The Spanish\nPresidency organised the fifth Conference of Foreign Ministers in\nValencia on 22/23 April, which marked a renewed mutual commitment\nand gave greater depth to the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, which\nshould contribute to regional stability and peace, in particular\nthrough the reinforcement of the sense of co-ownership of the\nBarcelona Process. Syria and Lebanon did not attend.
\nIn the Middle East/Gulf, EU-Iran relations deepened significantly\nin 2002. The Council reached political agreement on the opening of\nnegotiations with Iran on a Trade and Cooperation Agreement and on\nprovisions for political dialogue and counter-terrorism.
\nAs regards IRAQ, on 19 November, the Council welcomed the unanimous\nadoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1441, which gave Iraq a\nfinal opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations.
\nConcerning ASIA-OCEANIA, the report recalls that throughout 2002,\nthe EU continued to attach high importance to the EU-ASEAN\nrelationship and to promote the EU-ASEAN dialogue as a fundamental\nbuilding block for the strategic partnership between Europe and\nAsia. 2002 was also a busy and successful year for the ASEM\nprocess.
\nOn a bilateral level, the report states that in 2002, the EU was\nthe largest donor to Afghanistan. The EU engaged with the Afghans\nauthorities in key policy areas such as human rights, legal reform,\npolice training, and education. EU Member States have significantly\ncontributed to ISAF, and Germany and The Netherlands announced\ntheir resolve to take over the leadership of ISAF as from February\n2003.
\nIn addition, the EU warmly welcomed East Timor's independence on 20\nMay 2002, congratulated the people and the elected representatives,\nand commended the East Timorese people for their constant efforts,\nwhich were finally rewarded. The EU underlined that East Timor's\nchoice of democracy and of sound and friendly relations with their\nneighbours was the only way to achieve peaceand progress. Moreover,\nthe EU anticipated East Timor's accession to the Cotonou\nAgreement.
\nRegarding Indonesia, the dialogue between the EU and Indonesia\ncontinued to develop throughout 2002, and the close relations\nbetween the two sides became even more important after the\nterrorist attacks in Bali on October 12, 2002.
\nThe African continent was subject to particular attention at the\nsecond Africa-Europe Ministerial Meeting in Ouagadougou on 28\nNovember 2002. The meeting confirmed the commitment of Heads of\nState and Government to give impetus to and monitor implementation\nof the Cairo Plan of Action and to work towards a new strategic\ndimension for the comprehensive partnership between Africa and\nEurope.
\nWith regard to the links between the Union and the Latin American\ncountries, the report highlights the revitalisation of the San\nJosΘ Process under the Spanish presidency.
\nSECURITY AND DEFENCE ISSUES : in particular concerning the issue of\ncrisis management : during the year 2002, the Crisis management\nprocedures and conceptual basis for the conduct of Crisis\nmanagement operations were further refined. Particular emphasis was\nput on the strengthening of civil-military coordination in EU\ncrisis management in order to ensure an effective response to a\ncrisis. The Council welcomed an Action Plan in this respect.
\n The EU's first crisis management exercise, CME 02, was conducted\nin May 2002 and helped test, in the context of a fictitious crisis,\nESDP structures, procedures and arrangements.
\nAs a result of the commitments made by the Member States, the EU\nwas able to set up a European Union police mission (EUPM) in Bosnia\nand Herzegovina, which tookover from the UN International Police\nTask Force (IPTF) on 1 January 2003 as the EU's first operation\nunder ESDP.
\nIt will contribute to other EU and international efforts to support\nthe rule of law and democratic structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina\nand provide an important source of experience for the EU in the\nfuture development of crisis management capabilities. All EU Member\nStates and 18 third states are contributing personnel to the\nmission, comprising 500 police officers and more than 300\ninternational civilian and local staff.
\nThe year 2002 also marks the declared readiness by the European\nUnion to take over two military operations in the Balkans: the NATO\nOperation 'Amber Fox' (since December named 'Allied Harmony') and\nthe NATO-led Operation SFOR in Bosnia.
\nThe agreement with NATO reached in December on Berlin Plus will\nallow for close consultations with NATO in crisis management as\nwell as for the recourse by the EU to NATO assets and capabilities\nonce all detailed arrangements are in place.
\nConcerning conflict prevention, work within the European Union on\nconflict prevention continued during 2002 on the basis of the EU\nprogramme for the prevention of violent conflicts endorsed by the\nEuropean Council in Göteborg in 2001. Steps have been taken\ntowards a more systematic approach to early warning.
\nConcerning the Kimberley Process : during 2002, the Commission\nconducted negotiations on behalf of the European Community on an\nagreement establishing an international certification scheme for\nrough diamonds. The purpose of the scheme is to prevent \"conflict\"\ndiamonds from fuelling armed conflicts and discrediting the\nlegitimate market for rough diamonds, whichmakes an important\neconomic contribution, not least to certain developing countries in\nAfrica. The scheme was launched at a Kimberley Process ministerial\nmeeting in November 2002.
\n- Security, disarmament and non-proliferation :
\nThe EU continued its active involvement in political measures\nagainst proliferation of missiles and related technology. The year\n2002 marked a milestone in this work. As a result of active\nleadership by the EU, and in particular Spanish and Danish\nPresidencies, the multilateral process to launch International Code\nof Conduct against ballistic missile proliferation was successfully\nachieved in November,
\n- Small arms, light weapons and anti-personnel landmines :
\nThe EU remains committed to the goal of total elimination of\nanti-personnel landmines world-wide. The EU continued its dialogue\non small arms with various regions in order to stress the need for\na prompt implementation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent,\nCombat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light\nWeapons in All Its Aspects.
\nLastly, the report deals with the global and multilateral questions\ndebated on an international level. Such as
\n- the fight against terrorism : in order to enhance the efforts of\nthe EU in this field, economic and financial measures were taken to\ndry up the sources of terrorist funding.
\nThe Council adopted a joint Commission and Council programme on 20\nDecember. The programme will improve cooperation in the European\nUnion on preventing and limiting the consequences of chemical,\nbiological, radiological or nuclear threats. The overall aim of the\nprogramme is to increase the efficiency of the measures taken at\nnational and EU level with regard to terrorist CBRN threats. The\nprogramme will be implemented in 2003 according to the strategic\nobjectives that need to be addressed and the area where further\naction is required.
\n- Huamn rights : the protection and promotion of human rights and\nfundamental freedoms is one of the founding principles of the\nCommon Foreign and Security Policy, and this principle was\nconstantly stressed in the EU's bilateral relations as well as in\nits activities in multilateral fora. In addition to continuing to\naddress human rights violations around the world, the EU played an\nactive role in the promotion of respect for human rights. (Please\nrefer to INI/2002/2011). It should also be noted that the Union\nsupports the International Penal Court.
\nPERSPECTIVES FOR FUTURE ACTIONS :
\nThe Union will continue its efforts to strengthen the CFSP,\nincluding by developing and refining the instruments available to\nit, such as the role of the High Representative and the EU Special\nRepresentatives. A number of activities, and in some instances\ntheir effectiveness, will depend also on the availability of\nadequate financial resources in the CFSP budget. The issues likely\nto dominate the work of the Council in the area of the CFSP in 2003\nare outlined below.
\n- Western Balkans : the Council will continue to actively promote\nsecurity, political stability, democratisation and economic\ndevelopment in all five countries of the region.
\n- the Middle East peace process : Middle East Peace Process:\nDespite the increasing tension in the region, also against the\nbackground of the Iraq crisis, the EU will continue to contribute\nactively to the search for peace and stability, in particular\nthrough the rapid implementation of the Quartet's roadmap.
\n- Eastern Europe and Central Asia: The Union will carry out a\nglobal assessment of EU-Russia relations with a view to identify\npossible new mechanisms of cooperation to be discussed at the\nEU-Russia Summit in St. Petersburg in May 2003. The Union will\nfollow closely the situation in Chechnya, including the referendum\non the Constitution in March 2003.
\n- regarding the European Security and Defence Policy, the Council\nwill continue to give priority to the development of the European\nUnion's military capabilities so as to achieve the headline goal\nset at Helsinki for 2003. 2003 should see the conclusion of\narrangements detailing the modalities for implementing the NATO/EU\nrelationship as regards crisis management.
\nIn 2003 the Union is to launch its first military operation in the\nFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. This operation, which will\nfollow on from the NATO operation, will demonstrate the Union's\nsupport for the process under way in the FYROM. This operation will\nmake use of the NATO planning capabilities, as well as NATO common\nassets and capabilities.
\nFINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CFSP :
\n1) WESTERN BALKANS : concerning the budget, similar to previous\nyears, this mainly concerns the western Balkans which have\nmonopolised the main financial efforts of the Community in the\nfield of CFSP.
\n- the Council formally implemented the agreement reached in\nprinciple at its 28 January session by adopting a joint action\nextending the mandate of the EU Special Representative in the\nFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Alain Le Roy, until 30 June\n2002. Mr Le Roy was appointed as EUSR on 29 October 2001. The EU\nSpecial Representative's role is to establish and maintain close\ncontact with the government of FYROM and the parties involved in\nthe political process and to offer the EU's advice and facilitation\nin the political process. The financial reference amount was set at\nEUR 100.000 to cover the administrative expenditure. On 25 June,\nthe Council approved the Joint Action extending the mandate of Mr\nAlain Le Roy, for six months from 1 July to 31 December 2002. The\nfinancial reference amount was set at EUR 150.000 for this\nperiod.
\nOn 21 October, the Council adopted a Joint Action concerning the\nappointment of a new Special Representative of the European Union\nin the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by which, Mr Alexis\nBrouhns replaced Mr Alain Le Roy as the Special Representative of\nthe European Union in Skopje from 1 November 2002. On 10 December\n2002 the Council extended the mandate until 30 June 2003(financial\nstatement set at EUR 288.000).
\n- EU Police Mission (EUPM) in Bosnia-and-Herzegovina (follow-on\nfrom the UN International Police Mission) : financial arrangements\n: EUR 14 million for start-up costs for 2002 and up to EUR 38\nmillion for annual running costs for the years 2003-2005) of which\na reference amount of EUR 20 million shall be financed from the\ngeneral budget of the EU.
\nThe Council also adopted a Joint Action concerning the appointment\nof Lord Ashdown as the European Union Special Representative (EUSR)\nin Bosnia-and-Herzegovina. The Council adopted a decision\nappointing Mr. Sven Christian Frederiksen as Head of Mission/Police\nCommissioner of the European Police Mission in\nBosnia-and-Herzegovina as from 1 January 2003. Until that date, Mr.\nFrederiksen will act as Police Head of Mission/Head of the Planning\nTeam. The decision applies until 31 December 2005.
\n2) SOUTHERN CAUCASUS (Georgia) : the Council adopted a Joint Action\nregarding a contribution of the European Union towards reinforcing\nthe capacity of the Georgian authorities to support and protect the\nOSCE Observer Mission on the border of Georgia with the Ingush and\nChechen Republics of the Russian Federation. The amount allocated\nto the Joint Action is EUR 100 000.
\n3) MIDDLE EAST/GULF : the Council adopted the Joint Action\nextending the mandate of Mr Miguel Moratinos as Special\nRepresentative for the Middle East Peace Process until 30 June\n2003. The financial reference amount was set at EUR EUR 621\n000.
\n4) SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE : the Council also adopted the Joint Action\nextending the mandate of Mr Erhard Busek as Special Representative\nfor the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe until 30 June 2003.\nThe financial reference amount was set at EUR 160 000 from the\nCouncil's administrative budget and EUR 841,000from the CFSP\nbudget.
\n5) ASIA :
\n- Afghanistan : the Council adopted a joint action to extend the\nmandate of the European Union Special Representative for\nAfghanistan, Mr Klaus Klaiber, until 30 June 2002. The financial\nreference amount was set at EUR 30 000.The joint action of 10\nDecember 2001 appointing the Special Representative expired on 10\nJune 2002.
\nFollowing the agreement reached by the Council on 17 June 2002\nconcerning the nomination of Francesc Vendrell as the new Special\nRepresentative of the European Union in Afghanistan, replacing Mr\nKlaiber. Mr Vendrell was appointed for a period of six months from\n1 July to 31 December 2002. The financial reference amount was set\nat EUR 250 000. His mandate was subsequently extended until 30 June\n2003 by Joint Action adopted by the Council on 10 December 2002.\nThe financial reference amount was set at EUR 341 000.
\n6) AFRICA : the Council extended the mandate of Mr Aldo Ajello as\nEU Special Representative for the African Great Lakes region\nuntil30 June 2003 (financial reference amount: EUR 341 000).
\n7) THEMATIC ISSUES : other than regional aid, the Union contributes\nfinancially to the following issues:
\n- disarmament and non-proliferation : a financial contribution of\nEUR 645 000 to the unit of experts under the European Union\nCooperation Programme for Non-proliferation and Disarmament in the\nRussian Federation. This Decision is intended to provide for the\nprogramme's continuation for 2002 and 2003;
\n- International code of conduct against ballistic missile\nproliferation : the financial support made available is EUR 55 000.\nThis support facilitated the launch of the Code of Conduct in The\nHague;
\n- Small arms and light weapons : the Council adopted a new Joint\nAction which aims in particular to include ammunition of small arms\nand light weapons, which was recognised as a cause for concern by\nthe Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms.
\nUnder the Joint Action, the EU seeks to build international\nconsensus on principles for combating the destabilising spread of\narms and light weapons and may provide financial and technical\nassistance to specific projects contributing to these principles,\nsuch as weapons collection, security sector reform and\ndemobilisation and reintegration programmes as well as specific\nvictim assistance programmes.
\nThe Council adopted the implementing Decision, which includes a\nbudget provision of EUR 200 000. Under this Decision the EU will\ncontribute to the \"South East Europe Regional Clearinghouse for\nSmall Arms Reduction\", located in Belgrade, which was established\nunder the auspices of the UNDP and the Stability Pact for SE\nEurope.
\nLastly, the Council adopted a Decision extending and amending\nDecision 1999/730/CFSP concerning a European Union contribution to\ncombating the destabilising accumulation and spread of small arms\nand light weapons in Cambodia. The European Union hereby extends\nits support for a further year, until 15 November 2003. The\nfinancial contribution is fixed at EUR 1,568,000.
\n
\n
The committee adopted the own-initiative report drawn up by\nElmar BROK (EPP-ED, D) in response to the annual Council report on\nthe main aspects and basic choices of the Common Foreign and\nSecurity Policy, including the financial implications for the EU\nbudget. The committee repeated its insistence that the costs of\nEuropean security and defence operations should be financed through\nthe Community budget and that Parliament should be consulted in\nadvance on decisions on such missions. MEPs expressed their\ndissatisfaction with the Council's report which, they said, was\ntotally unsuitable as a basis for a dialogue between Council and\nParliament, as it was insufficiently clear on priorities or on the\nfinancial implications.
\nMEPs said that the EU's security interests were best served by\nidentifying tensions, preventing potential crises if possible and\nresolving conflicts in good time beyond its immediate external\nborders. Thus, the EU's main interests lay with the Western\nBalkans, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova, the Southern\nCaucasus, the Southern Mediterranean and West Africa, and the\nMiddle East. For the enlarged EU's new neighbours, new options for\npartial integration should be developed.
\nThe committee called for a study to be carried out into a rapid\nresponse budgetary mechanism and, ultimately, the creation of a\nCommunity defence budget. Meanwhile, Parliament should at least\nreceive an overall estimation of how much CFSP spending goes to a\nparticular region or conflict.
\nMEPs called for the EU to increase its defence capacities by having\na 5,000-man force permanently available for rescue and humanitarian\noperations from 2004, and by developing a capability within Europe\nfor conducting operations on a scale such as during the Kosovo\nconflict by 2009. They restated their view that the UN Charter is\nthe \"decisive political and legal basis\" for international\nrelations and the guarantee of peace and international security.\nThey also stressed that the UN system should be radically reformed,\npointing out that the EU and its present and future Member States\nwere the largest financial contributor.
\nHowever, the committee added that the international system was also\ncrucially dependent on the quality and reciprocity of relations\nbetween the EU and the US as equal partners, which should therefore\nbe strengthened as well as rethought. The strategic debate between\nthe US and Europe should be reinvigorated, with special attention\nto questions of how the reconstruction of Iraq should proceed and\nhow the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction can best be\nprevented, arms exports and the proliferation of conventional arms\nbe controlled, the issue of impunity be addressed (by the\nInternational Criminal Court, for example), and repressive\ndictatorial regimes and dysfunctional states be dealt with. MEPs\nwelcomed the measures taken by the EU in the international fight\nagainst terrorism, but called on all bodies involved to uphold\ncivil rights and freedoms and to treat personal data\nresponsibly.
\nThe report also said that a future European Foreign Minister should\nbe a Vice-President of the Commission and that the administrative\ndepartments within the Council and the Commission should merge into\na single foreign office within the Commission. MEPs criticised the\nproposed retention of the right of veto in foreign and security\npolicy.
\n
\n
The European Parliament adopted a resolution based on the\nown-initiative report drafted by Elmar BROK (EPP-ED, Germany) on\nthe CFSP. (Please see the summary of 07/10/03).
\nFollowing its criticism of the Council's annual report, Parliament\nfelt that was necessary, in view of the critical development that\nthe CFSP has undergone during the Iraq conflict, that future annual\nreports should provide a genuine assessment of the Union's foreign\nand security policy activities. They should include a written\nreport by the High Representative or Union Minister for Foreign\nAffairs on progress in implementing a specifically European\napproach to security. In the light of an anticipatory\ncrisis-prevention policy, Parliament felt it necessary that it be\ninformed and involved in future in good time during the\nearly-recognition and planning stage of crisis operations in the\ncontext of the ESDP, the better to deliver a political opinion\nbased on firm information. Only a well-informed Parliament is in a\nposition to take the requisite personnel and budgetary decisions\nswiftly and efficiently. Unless it is so informed, such decisions\nmay be rejected.
\nMoving on to relations with NATO, Parliament stated that further\nconsolidation of relations between the EU and NATO as mutually\ncomplementary organisations constitutes an important factor in the\ndevelopment of a European approach to security. It called for a\nEuropean collective capacity for the planning and management of\nEuropean operations and a multinational headquarters which can be\ndeployed in the field for such operations in instances where NATO\ndoes not take action and the EU does not ask for NATO resources.\nAlthough the EU's present military capabilities are sufficient to\nconduct operations at the lower end of the Petersberg scale, they\ndo not extend to peace-making operations. Therefore, the creation\nof greater interoperability and deployment capability is an\nimportant precondition for providing Europe with a balanced\ncapability for coalition with the USA, both within and outside\nNATO.
\nWith respect to the transatlantic partnership, parliament pointed\nout that the latter cannot be defined only in military and security\npolicy terms within NATO. It should also incorporate combined\naspects of transatlantic economic, trading, environmental and\nsocial activities, and be guided by the principle of a\n'transatlantic marketplace' as the basis of balanced cooperation.\nParliament proposed as an initial practical step the introduction\nof mutual measures to make travel easier between the EU Member\nStates and the USA, along the lines of the Schengen\nAgreement.
\nFinally, Parliament stated that, as a central lesson learned from\nthe experience gained in the assumption of international security\nmissions, whether in the western Balkans or in Afghanistan, for the\npurposes of building a post-war order, the policing function of the\nESDP should be significantly strengthened and given its own\nseparate operational status between the 'military ' and the\n'civilian' wings.
\n
\n
PURPOSE : to present the 2002 Annual report on the main\naspects and basic choices of CFSP, including the financial\nimplications for the general budget of the European\nCommunities.
\nCONTENT : the Inter-Institutional Agreement (IIA) of 6 May 1999\nprovides that \"once a year the Council Presidency will consult the\nEuropean Parliament on a Council document setting out the main\naspects and basic choices of the CFSP, including the financial\nimplications for the general budget of the European\nCommunities\".
\nThe present report covers the year 2002 and also looks at\nperspectives for future action in accordance with the practice\nfollowed since the 1999 report.
\nThis report follows the same criteria as those used for the\nprevious reports, namely:
\n- its scope is limited to the description of CFSP activities, e.g.\ncommon positions, joint actions and implementing decisions,\ndeclarations and dΘmarches, political dialogue (where\nappropriate, and necessary in order to provide a comprehensive view\nof the activities, reference is made to actions falling outside\nTitle V of the TEU);
\n- it is complementary to the chapter on external relations of the\nannual report on the progress of the European Union presented to\nthe Parliament in application of Article 4 of the TEU;
\n- the broad priorities of the Union's external relations, as\nexpressed for example in European Council conclusions, are included\nin the Article 4 TEU-report mentioned above.
\nThe main aspects and basic choices of CFSP section sets out CFSP\naction in the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe and Central Asia,\nCentral and Eastern Europe, South Eastern Europe, Middle East Peace\nProcess, the Mediterranean Region, the Maghreb, Middle East/Gulf,\nAsia-Oceania, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and\nTransatlantic relations.
\nThe security and defence issues section sets out CFSP action on\ncrisis management, conflict prevention, security, disarmament and\nnon-proliferation, the EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports, small\narms, light weapons and anti-personnel landmines, the Chemical\nWeapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons\nConvention.
\nThe global questions/multilateral fora section covers the fight\nagainst terrorism, human rights, the United Nations, the\nInternational Criminal Court, the OSCE and Council of Europe.
\nThe section on legal acts involving financing from the CFSP lines\nof the Community's budget lists the different activities in this\narea. The section on legal acts without financial implications\nlists the Common Positions and Joint Actions adopted in 2002 which\ndid not involve financial expenditure. The section on other CFSP\nactivities sets out the different declarations, demarches,\npolitical dialogue and reports of Heads of Missions in 2002.
\nThe section on perspectives for future action sets out the likely\nCFSP priorities in each geographical area, on security and defence,\nand on global/multilateral issues.
\nREGIONAL PRIORITIES :
\n- Central and Eastern Europe remains a preoccupation for the Union\nwith the enlargement process in May 2004. It should be noted that\neven if Turkey does not become a member of the Union at this time,\npolitical dialogue will be pursued and intensified. - Eastern\nEurope, Central Asia and Russia : these relations havebeen further\nintensified and an agreement was reached concerning Kaliningrad's\nposition in the enlarged European Union.
\nIn light of the detailed proposals of the Commission and the High\nRepresentative on the New Neighbours Initiative, the EU will\ndiscuss on how to develop relations with Ukraine, Moldova and\nBelarus.
\nOn the other hand, the EU remained seriously concerned at the\ncontinuing deterioration of democracy and rule of law in Belarus as\nwell as the non-fulfilment of Belarus' international commitments.\nMoreover, relations have also deteriorated with the Caucasus.
\nAmongst the other priorities of the European Union is the Middle\nEast.
\nThe situation concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict further\ndeteriorated. The spiral of violence continued and an increasing\nnumber of civilians on both sides lost their lives or were injured.\nThe International Community continued to search for a way out of\nthis crisis. In this context the EU played a very active role\nwithin the Quartet (EU, Russia, US, UN) mainly through HR Solana\nand EUSR Moratinos at Envoys level.
\nIn particular, the EU presented the other Quartet members with a a\njoint roadmap with clear timelines for the establishment of a\nPalestinian State by 2005.
\nThe report also notes the renewal of the commitments\nvis-à-vis the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. The Spanish\nPresidency organised the fifth Conference of Foreign Ministers in\nValencia on 22/23 April, which marked a renewed mutual commitment\nand gave greater depth to the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, which\nshould contribute to regional stability and peace, in particular\nthrough the reinforcement of the sense of co-ownership of the\nBarcelona Process. Syria and Lebanon did not attend.
\nIn the Middle East/Gulf, EU-Iran relations deepened significantly\nin 2002. The Council reached political agreement on the opening of\nnegotiations with Iran on a Trade and Cooperation Agreement and on\nprovisions for political dialogue and counter-terrorism.
\nAs regards IRAQ, on 19 November, the Council welcomed the unanimous\nadoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1441, which gave Iraq a\nfinal opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations.
\nConcerning ASIA-OCEANIA, the report recalls that throughout 2002,\nthe EU continued to attach high importance to the EU-ASEAN\nrelationship and to promote the EU-ASEAN dialogue as a fundamental\nbuilding block for the strategic partnership between Europe and\nAsia. 2002 was also a busy and successful year for the ASEM\nprocess.
\nOn a bilateral level, the report states that in 2002, the EU was\nthe largest donor to Afghanistan. The EU engaged with the Afghans\nauthorities in key policy areas such as human rights, legal reform,\npolice training, and education. EU Member States have significantly\ncontributed to ISAF, and Germany and The Netherlands announced\ntheir resolve to take over the leadership of ISAF as from February\n2003.
\nIn addition, the EU warmly welcomed East Timor's independence on 20\nMay 2002, congratulated the people and the elected representatives,\nand commended the East Timorese people for their constant efforts,\nwhich were finally rewarded. The EU underlined that East Timor's\nchoice of democracy and of sound and friendly relations with their\nneighbours was the only way to achieve peaceand progress. Moreover,\nthe EU anticipated East Timor's accession to the Cotonou\nAgreement.
\nRegarding Indonesia, the dialogue between the EU and Indonesia\ncontinued to develop throughout 2002, and the close relations\nbetween the two sides became even more important after the\nterrorist attacks in Bali on October 12, 2002.
\nThe African continent was subject to particular attention at the\nsecond Africa-Europe Ministerial Meeting in Ouagadougou on 28\nNovember 2002. The meeting confirmed the commitment of Heads of\nState and Government to give impetus to and monitor implementation\nof the Cairo Plan of Action and to work towards a new strategic\ndimension for the comprehensive partnership between Africa and\nEurope.
\nWith regard to the links between the Union and the Latin American\ncountries, the report highlights the revitalisation of the San\nJosΘ Process under the Spanish presidency.
\nSECURITY AND DEFENCE ISSUES : in particular concerning the issue of\ncrisis management : during the year 2002, the Crisis management\nprocedures and conceptual basis for the conduct of Crisis\nmanagement operations were further refined. Particular emphasis was\nput on the strengthening of civil-military coordination in EU\ncrisis management in order to ensure an effective response to a\ncrisis. The Council welcomed an Action Plan in this respect.
\n The EU's first crisis management exercise, CME 02, was conducted\nin May 2002 and helped test, in the context of a fictitious crisis,\nESDP structures, procedures and arrangements.
\nAs a result of the commitments made by the Member States, the EU\nwas able to set up a European Union police mission (EUPM) in Bosnia\nand Herzegovina, which tookover from the UN International Police\nTask Force (IPTF) on 1 January 2003 as the EU's first operation\nunder ESDP.
\nIt will contribute to other EU and international efforts to support\nthe rule of law and democratic structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina\nand provide an important source of experience for the EU in the\nfuture development of crisis management capabilities. All EU Member\nStates and 18 third states are contributing personnel to the\nmission, comprising 500 police officers and more than 300\ninternational civilian and local staff.
\nThe year 2002 also marks the declared readiness by the European\nUnion to take over two military operations in the Balkans: the NATO\nOperation 'Amber Fox' (since December named 'Allied Harmony') and\nthe NATO-led Operation SFOR in Bosnia.
\nThe agreement with NATO reached in December on Berlin Plus will\nallow for close consultations with NATO in crisis management as\nwell as for the recourse by the EU to NATO assets and capabilities\nonce all detailed arrangements are in place.
\nConcerning conflict prevention, work within the European Union on\nconflict prevention continued during 2002 on the basis of the EU\nprogramme for the prevention of violent conflicts endorsed by the\nEuropean Council in Göteborg in 2001. Steps have been taken\ntowards a more systematic approach to early warning.
\nConcerning the Kimberley Process : during 2002, the Commission\nconducted negotiations on behalf of the European Community on an\nagreement establishing an international certification scheme for\nrough diamonds. The purpose of the scheme is to prevent \"conflict\"\ndiamonds from fuelling armed conflicts and discrediting the\nlegitimate market for rough diamonds, whichmakes an important\neconomic contribution, not least to certain developing countries in\nAfrica. The scheme was launched at a Kimberley Process ministerial\nmeeting in November 2002.
\n- Security, disarmament and non-proliferation :
\nThe EU continued its active involvement in political measures\nagainst proliferation of missiles and related technology. The year\n2002 marked a milestone in this work. As a result of active\nleadership by the EU, and in particular Spanish and Danish\nPresidencies, the multilateral process to launch International Code\nof Conduct against ballistic missile proliferation was successfully\nachieved in November,
\n- Small arms, light weapons and anti-personnel landmines :
\nThe EU remains committed to the goal of total elimination of\nanti-personnel landmines world-wide. The EU continued its dialogue\non small arms with various regions in order to stress the need for\na prompt implementation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent,\nCombat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light\nWeapons in All Its Aspects.
\nLastly, the report deals with the global and multilateral questions\ndebated on an international level. Such as
\n- the fight against terrorism : in order to enhance the efforts of\nthe EU in this field, economic and financial measures were taken to\ndry up the sources of terrorist funding.
\nThe Council adopted a joint Commission and Council programme on 20\nDecember. The programme will improve cooperation in the European\nUnion on preventing and limiting the consequences of chemical,\nbiological, radiological or nuclear threats. The overall aim of the\nprogramme is to increase the efficiency of the measures taken at\nnational and EU level with regard to terrorist CBRN threats. The\nprogramme will be implemented in 2003 according to the strategic\nobjectives that need to be addressed and the area where further\naction is required.
\n- Huamn rights : the protection and promotion of human rights and\nfundamental freedoms is one of the founding principles of the\nCommon Foreign and Security Policy, and this principle was\nconstantly stressed in the EU's bilateral relations as well as in\nits activities in multilateral fora. In addition to continuing to\naddress human rights violations around the world, the EU played an\nactive role in the promotion of respect for human rights. (Please\nrefer to INI/2002/2011). It should also be noted that the Union\nsupports the International Penal Court.
\nPERSPECTIVES FOR FUTURE ACTIONS :
\nThe Union will continue its efforts to strengthen the CFSP,\nincluding by developing and refining the instruments available to\nit, such as the role of the High Representative and the EU Special\nRepresentatives. A number of activities, and in some instances\ntheir effectiveness, will depend also on the availability of\nadequate financial resources in the CFSP budget. The issues likely\nto dominate the work of the Council in the area of the CFSP in 2003\nare outlined below.
\n- Western Balkans : the Council will continue to actively promote\nsecurity, political stability, democratisation and economic\ndevelopment in all five countries of the region.
\n- the Middle East peace process : Middle East Peace Process:\nDespite the increasing tension in the region, also against the\nbackground of the Iraq crisis, the EU will continue to contribute\nactively to the search for peace and stability, in particular\nthrough the rapid implementation of the Quartet's roadmap.
\n- Eastern Europe and Central Asia: The Union will carry out a\nglobal assessment of EU-Russia relations with a view to identify\npossible new mechanisms of cooperation to be discussed at the\nEU-Russia Summit in St. Petersburg in May 2003. The Union will\nfollow closely the situation in Chechnya, including the referendum\non the Constitution in March 2003.
\n- regarding the European Security and Defence Policy, the Council\nwill continue to give priority to the development of the European\nUnion's military capabilities so as to achieve the headline goal\nset at Helsinki for 2003. 2003 should see the conclusion of\narrangements detailing the modalities for implementing the NATO/EU\nrelationship as regards crisis management.
\nIn 2003 the Union is to launch its first military operation in the\nFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. This operation, which will\nfollow on from the NATO operation, will demonstrate the Union's\nsupport for the process under way in the FYROM. This operation will\nmake use of the NATO planning capabilities, as well as NATO common\nassets and capabilities.
\nFINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CFSP :
\n1) WESTERN BALKANS : concerning the budget, similar to previous\nyears, this mainly concerns the western Balkans which have\nmonopolised the main financial efforts of the Community in the\nfield of CFSP.
\n- the Council formally implemented the agreement reached in\nprinciple at its 28 January session by adopting a joint action\nextending the mandate of the EU Special Representative in the\nFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Alain Le Roy, until 30 June\n2002. Mr Le Roy was appointed as EUSR on 29 October 2001. The EU\nSpecial Representative's role is to establish and maintain close\ncontact with the government of FYROM and the parties involved in\nthe political process and to offer the EU's advice and facilitation\nin the political process. The financial reference amount was set at\nEUR 100.000 to cover the administrative expenditure. On 25 June,\nthe Council approved the Joint Action extending the mandate of Mr\nAlain Le Roy, for six months from 1 July to 31 December 2002. The\nfinancial reference amount was set at EUR 150.000 for this\nperiod.
\nOn 21 October, the Council adopted a Joint Action concerning the\nappointment of a new Special Representative of the European Union\nin the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by which, Mr Alexis\nBrouhns replaced Mr Alain Le Roy as the Special Representative of\nthe European Union in Skopje from 1 November 2002. On 10 December\n2002 the Council extended the mandate until 30 June 2003(financial\nstatement set at EUR 288.000).
\n- EU Police Mission (EUPM) in Bosnia-and-Herzegovina (follow-on\nfrom the UN International Police Mission) : financial arrangements\n: EUR 14 million for start-up costs for 2002 and up to EUR 38\nmillion for annual running costs for the years 2003-2005) of which\na reference amount of EUR 20 million shall be financed from the\ngeneral budget of the EU.
\nThe Council also adopted a Joint Action concerning the appointment\nof Lord Ashdown as the European Union Special Representative (EUSR)\nin Bosnia-and-Herzegovina. The Council adopted a decision\nappointing Mr. Sven Christian Frederiksen as Head of Mission/Police\nCommissioner of the European Police Mission in\nBosnia-and-Herzegovina as from 1 January 2003. Until that date, Mr.\nFrederiksen will act as Police Head of Mission/Head of the Planning\nTeam. The decision applies until 31 December 2005.
\n2) SOUTHERN CAUCASUS (Georgia) : the Council adopted a Joint Action\nregarding a contribution of the European Union towards reinforcing\nthe capacity of the Georgian authorities to support and protect the\nOSCE Observer Mission on the border of Georgia with the Ingush and\nChechen Republics of the Russian Federation. The amount allocated\nto the Joint Action is EUR 100 000.
\n3) MIDDLE EAST/GULF : the Council adopted the Joint Action\nextending the mandate of Mr Miguel Moratinos as Special\nRepresentative for the Middle East Peace Process until 30 June\n2003. The financial reference amount was set at EUR EUR 621\n000.
\n4) SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE : the Council also adopted the Joint Action\nextending the mandate of Mr Erhard Busek as Special Representative\nfor the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe until 30 June 2003.\nThe financial reference amount was set at EUR 160 000 from the\nCouncil's administrative budget and EUR 841,000from the CFSP\nbudget.
\n5) ASIA :
\n- Afghanistan : the Council adopted a joint action to extend the\nmandate of the European Union Special Representative for\nAfghanistan, Mr Klaus Klaiber, until 30 June 2002. The financial\nreference amount was set at EUR 30 000.The joint action of 10\nDecember 2001 appointing the Special Representative expired on 10\nJune 2002.
\nFollowing the agreement reached by the Council on 17 June 2002\nconcerning the nomination of Francesc Vendrell as the new Special\nRepresentative of the European Union in Afghanistan, replacing Mr\nKlaiber. Mr Vendrell was appointed for a period of six months from\n1 July to 31 December 2002. The financial reference amount was set\nat EUR 250 000. His mandate was subsequently extended until 30 June\n2003 by Joint Action adopted by the Council on 10 December 2002.\nThe financial reference amount was set at EUR 341 000.
\n6) AFRICA : the Council extended the mandate of Mr Aldo Ajello as\nEU Special Representative for the African Great Lakes region\nuntil30 June 2003 (financial reference amount: EUR 341 000).
\n7) THEMATIC ISSUES : other than regional aid, the Union contributes\nfinancially to the following issues:
\n- disarmament and non-proliferation : a financial contribution of\nEUR 645 000 to the unit of experts under the European Union\nCooperation Programme for Non-proliferation and Disarmament in the\nRussian Federation. This Decision is intended to provide for the\nprogramme's continuation for 2002 and 2003;
\n- International code of conduct against ballistic missile\nproliferation : the financial support made available is EUR 55 000.\nThis support facilitated the launch of the Code of Conduct in The\nHague;
\n- Small arms and light weapons : the Council adopted a new Joint\nAction which aims in particular to include ammunition of small arms\nand light weapons, which was recognised as a cause for concern by\nthe Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms.
\nUnder the Joint Action, the EU seeks to build international\nconsensus on principles for combating the destabilising spread of\narms and light weapons and may provide financial and technical\nassistance to specific projects contributing to these principles,\nsuch as weapons collection, security sector reform and\ndemobilisation and reintegration programmes as well as specific\nvictim assistance programmes.
\nThe Council adopted the implementing Decision, which includes a\nbudget provision of EUR 200 000. Under this Decision the EU will\ncontribute to the \"South East Europe Regional Clearinghouse for\nSmall Arms Reduction\", located in Belgrade, which was established\nunder the auspices of the UNDP and the Stability Pact for SE\nEurope.
\nLastly, the Council adopted a Decision extending and amending\nDecision 1999/730/CFSP concerning a European Union contribution to\ncombating the destabilising accumulation and spread of small arms\nand light weapons in Cambodia. The European Union hereby extends\nits support for a further year, until 15 November 2003. The\nfinancial contribution is fixed at EUR 1,568,000.
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PURPOSE : to present the 2002 Annual report on the main\naspects and basic choices of CFSP, including the financial\nimplications for the general budget of the European\nCommunities.
\nCONTENT : the Inter-Institutional Agreement (IIA) of 6 May 1999\nprovides that \"once a year the Council Presidency will consult the\nEuropean Parliament on a Council document setting out the main\naspects and basic choices of the CFSP, including the financial\nimplications for the general budget of the European\nCommunities\".
\nThe present report covers the year 2002 and also looks at\nperspectives for future action in accordance with the practice\nfollowed since the 1999 report.
\nThis report follows the same criteria as those used for the\nprevious reports, namely:
\n- its scope is limited to the description of CFSP activities, e.g.\ncommon positions, joint actions and implementing decisions,\ndeclarations and dΘmarches, political dialogue (where\nappropriate, and necessary in order to provide a comprehensive view\nof the activities, reference is made to actions falling outside\nTitle V of the TEU);
\n- it is complementary to the chapter on external relations of the\nannual report on the progress of the European Union presented to\nthe Parliament in application of Article 4 of the TEU;
\n- the broad priorities of the Union's external relations, as\nexpressed for example in European Council conclusions, are included\nin the Article 4 TEU-report mentioned above.
\nThe main aspects and basic choices of CFSP section sets out CFSP\naction in the Western Balkans, Eastern Europe and Central Asia,\nCentral and Eastern Europe, South Eastern Europe, Middle East Peace\nProcess, the Mediterranean Region, the Maghreb, Middle East/Gulf,\nAsia-Oceania, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and\nTransatlantic relations.
\nThe security and defence issues section sets out CFSP action on\ncrisis management, conflict prevention, security, disarmament and\nnon-proliferation, the EU Code of Conduct on Arms Exports, small\narms, light weapons and anti-personnel landmines, the Chemical\nWeapons Convention and the Biological and Toxin Weapons\nConvention.
\nThe global questions/multilateral fora section covers the fight\nagainst terrorism, human rights, the United Nations, the\nInternational Criminal Court, the OSCE and Council of Europe.
\nThe section on legal acts involving financing from the CFSP lines\nof the Community's budget lists the different activities in this\narea. The section on legal acts without financial implications\nlists the Common Positions and Joint Actions adopted in 2002 which\ndid not involve financial expenditure. The section on other CFSP\nactivities sets out the different declarations, demarches,\npolitical dialogue and reports of Heads of Missions in 2002.
\nThe section on perspectives for future action sets out the likely\nCFSP priorities in each geographical area, on security and defence,\nand on global/multilateral issues.
\nREGIONAL PRIORITIES :
\n- Central and Eastern Europe remains a preoccupation for the Union\nwith the enlargement process in May 2004. It should be noted that\neven if Turkey does not become a member of the Union at this time,\npolitical dialogue will be pursued and intensified. - Eastern\nEurope, Central Asia and Russia : these relations havebeen further\nintensified and an agreement was reached concerning Kaliningrad's\nposition in the enlarged European Union.
\nIn light of the detailed proposals of the Commission and the High\nRepresentative on the New Neighbours Initiative, the EU will\ndiscuss on how to develop relations with Ukraine, Moldova and\nBelarus.
\nOn the other hand, the EU remained seriously concerned at the\ncontinuing deterioration of democracy and rule of law in Belarus as\nwell as the non-fulfilment of Belarus' international commitments.\nMoreover, relations have also deteriorated with the Caucasus.
\nAmongst the other priorities of the European Union is the Middle\nEast.
\nThe situation concerning the Israeli-Palestinian conflict further\ndeteriorated. The spiral of violence continued and an increasing\nnumber of civilians on both sides lost their lives or were injured.\nThe International Community continued to search for a way out of\nthis crisis. In this context the EU played a very active role\nwithin the Quartet (EU, Russia, US, UN) mainly through HR Solana\nand EUSR Moratinos at Envoys level.
\nIn particular, the EU presented the other Quartet members with a a\njoint roadmap with clear timelines for the establishment of a\nPalestinian State by 2005.
\nThe report also notes the renewal of the commitments\nvis-à-vis the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. The Spanish\nPresidency organised the fifth Conference of Foreign Ministers in\nValencia on 22/23 April, which marked a renewed mutual commitment\nand gave greater depth to the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, which\nshould contribute to regional stability and peace, in particular\nthrough the reinforcement of the sense of co-ownership of the\nBarcelona Process. Syria and Lebanon did not attend.
\nIn the Middle East/Gulf, EU-Iran relations deepened significantly\nin 2002. The Council reached political agreement on the opening of\nnegotiations with Iran on a Trade and Cooperation Agreement and on\nprovisions for political dialogue and counter-terrorism.
\nAs regards IRAQ, on 19 November, the Council welcomed the unanimous\nadoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1441, which gave Iraq a\nfinal opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations.
\nConcerning ASIA-OCEANIA, the report recalls that throughout 2002,\nthe EU continued to attach high importance to the EU-ASEAN\nrelationship and to promote the EU-ASEAN dialogue as a fundamental\nbuilding block for the strategic partnership between Europe and\nAsia. 2002 was also a busy and successful year for the ASEM\nprocess.
\nOn a bilateral level, the report states that in 2002, the EU was\nthe largest donor to Afghanistan. The EU engaged with the Afghans\nauthorities in key policy areas such as human rights, legal reform,\npolice training, and education. EU Member States have significantly\ncontributed to ISAF, and Germany and The Netherlands announced\ntheir resolve to take over the leadership of ISAF as from February\n2003.
\nIn addition, the EU warmly welcomed East Timor's independence on 20\nMay 2002, congratulated the people and the elected representatives,\nand commended the East Timorese people for their constant efforts,\nwhich were finally rewarded. The EU underlined that East Timor's\nchoice of democracy and of sound and friendly relations with their\nneighbours was the only way to achieve peaceand progress. Moreover,\nthe EU anticipated East Timor's accession to the Cotonou\nAgreement.
\nRegarding Indonesia, the dialogue between the EU and Indonesia\ncontinued to develop throughout 2002, and the close relations\nbetween the two sides became even more important after the\nterrorist attacks in Bali on October 12, 2002.
\nThe African continent was subject to particular attention at the\nsecond Africa-Europe Ministerial Meeting in Ouagadougou on 28\nNovember 2002. The meeting confirmed the commitment of Heads of\nState and Government to give impetus to and monitor implementation\nof the Cairo Plan of Action and to work towards a new strategic\ndimension for the comprehensive partnership between Africa and\nEurope.
\nWith regard to the links between the Union and the Latin American\ncountries, the report highlights the revitalisation of the San\nJosΘ Process under the Spanish presidency.
\nSECURITY AND DEFENCE ISSUES : in particular concerning the issue of\ncrisis management : during the year 2002, the Crisis management\nprocedures and conceptual basis for the conduct of Crisis\nmanagement operations were further refined. Particular emphasis was\nput on the strengthening of civil-military coordination in EU\ncrisis management in order to ensure an effective response to a\ncrisis. The Council welcomed an Action Plan in this respect.
\n The EU's first crisis management exercise, CME 02, was conducted\nin May 2002 and helped test, in the context of a fictitious crisis,\nESDP structures, procedures and arrangements.
\nAs a result of the commitments made by the Member States, the EU\nwas able to set up a European Union police mission (EUPM) in Bosnia\nand Herzegovina, which tookover from the UN International Police\nTask Force (IPTF) on 1 January 2003 as the EU's first operation\nunder ESDP.
\nIt will contribute to other EU and international efforts to support\nthe rule of law and democratic structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina\nand provide an important source of experience for the EU in the\nfuture development of crisis management capabilities. All EU Member\nStates and 18 third states are contributing personnel to the\nmission, comprising 500 police officers and more than 300\ninternational civilian and local staff.
\nThe year 2002 also marks the declared readiness by the European\nUnion to take over two military operations in the Balkans: the NATO\nOperation 'Amber Fox' (since December named 'Allied Harmony') and\nthe NATO-led Operation SFOR in Bosnia.
\nThe agreement with NATO reached in December on Berlin Plus will\nallow for close consultations with NATO in crisis management as\nwell as for the recourse by the EU to NATO assets and capabilities\nonce all detailed arrangements are in place.
\nConcerning conflict prevention, work within the European Union on\nconflict prevention continued during 2002 on the basis of the EU\nprogramme for the prevention of violent conflicts endorsed by the\nEuropean Council in Göteborg in 2001. Steps have been taken\ntowards a more systematic approach to early warning.
\nConcerning the Kimberley Process : during 2002, the Commission\nconducted negotiations on behalf of the European Community on an\nagreement establishing an international certification scheme for\nrough diamonds. The purpose of the scheme is to prevent \"conflict\"\ndiamonds from fuelling armed conflicts and discrediting the\nlegitimate market for rough diamonds, whichmakes an important\neconomic contribution, not least to certain developing countries in\nAfrica. The scheme was launched at a Kimberley Process ministerial\nmeeting in November 2002.
\n- Security, disarmament and non-proliferation :
\nThe EU continued its active involvement in political measures\nagainst proliferation of missiles and related technology. The year\n2002 marked a milestone in this work. As a result of active\nleadership by the EU, and in particular Spanish and Danish\nPresidencies, the multilateral process to launch International Code\nof Conduct against ballistic missile proliferation was successfully\nachieved in November,
\n- Small arms, light weapons and anti-personnel landmines :
\nThe EU remains committed to the goal of total elimination of\nanti-personnel landmines world-wide. The EU continued its dialogue\non small arms with various regions in order to stress the need for\na prompt implementation of the UN Programme of Action to Prevent,\nCombat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light\nWeapons in All Its Aspects.
\nLastly, the report deals with the global and multilateral questions\ndebated on an international level. Such as
\n- the fight against terrorism : in order to enhance the efforts of\nthe EU in this field, economic and financial measures were taken to\ndry up the sources of terrorist funding.
\nThe Council adopted a joint Commission and Council programme on 20\nDecember. The programme will improve cooperation in the European\nUnion on preventing and limiting the consequences of chemical,\nbiological, radiological or nuclear threats. The overall aim of the\nprogramme is to increase the efficiency of the measures taken at\nnational and EU level with regard to terrorist CBRN threats. The\nprogramme will be implemented in 2003 according to the strategic\nobjectives that need to be addressed and the area where further\naction is required.
\n- Huamn rights : the protection and promotion of human rights and\nfundamental freedoms is one of the founding principles of the\nCommon Foreign and Security Policy, and this principle was\nconstantly stressed in the EU's bilateral relations as well as in\nits activities in multilateral fora. In addition to continuing to\naddress human rights violations around the world, the EU played an\nactive role in the promotion of respect for human rights. (Please\nrefer to INI/2002/2011). It should also be noted that the Union\nsupports the International Penal Court.
\nPERSPECTIVES FOR FUTURE ACTIONS :
\nThe Union will continue its efforts to strengthen the CFSP,\nincluding by developing and refining the instruments available to\nit, such as the role of the High Representative and the EU Special\nRepresentatives. A number of activities, and in some instances\ntheir effectiveness, will depend also on the availability of\nadequate financial resources in the CFSP budget. The issues likely\nto dominate the work of the Council in the area of the CFSP in 2003\nare outlined below.
\n- Western Balkans : the Council will continue to actively promote\nsecurity, political stability, democratisation and economic\ndevelopment in all five countries of the region.
\n- the Middle East peace process : Middle East Peace Process:\nDespite the increasing tension in the region, also against the\nbackground of the Iraq crisis, the EU will continue to contribute\nactively to the search for peace and stability, in particular\nthrough the rapid implementation of the Quartet's roadmap.
\n- Eastern Europe and Central Asia: The Union will carry out a\nglobal assessment of EU-Russia relations with a view to identify\npossible new mechanisms of cooperation to be discussed at the\nEU-Russia Summit in St. Petersburg in May 2003. The Union will\nfollow closely the situation in Chechnya, including the referendum\non the Constitution in March 2003.
\n- regarding the European Security and Defence Policy, the Council\nwill continue to give priority to the development of the European\nUnion's military capabilities so as to achieve the headline goal\nset at Helsinki for 2003. 2003 should see the conclusion of\narrangements detailing the modalities for implementing the NATO/EU\nrelationship as regards crisis management.
\nIn 2003 the Union is to launch its first military operation in the\nFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. This operation, which will\nfollow on from the NATO operation, will demonstrate the Union's\nsupport for the process under way in the FYROM. This operation will\nmake use of the NATO planning capabilities, as well as NATO common\nassets and capabilities.
\nFINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CFSP :
\n1) WESTERN BALKANS : concerning the budget, similar to previous\nyears, this mainly concerns the western Balkans which have\nmonopolised the main financial efforts of the Community in the\nfield of CFSP.
\n- the Council formally implemented the agreement reached in\nprinciple at its 28 January session by adopting a joint action\nextending the mandate of the EU Special Representative in the\nFormer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Alain Le Roy, until 30 June\n2002. Mr Le Roy was appointed as EUSR on 29 October 2001. The EU\nSpecial Representative's role is to establish and maintain close\ncontact with the government of FYROM and the parties involved in\nthe political process and to offer the EU's advice and facilitation\nin the political process. The financial reference amount was set at\nEUR 100.000 to cover the administrative expenditure. On 25 June,\nthe Council approved the Joint Action extending the mandate of Mr\nAlain Le Roy, for six months from 1 July to 31 December 2002. The\nfinancial reference amount was set at EUR 150.000 for this\nperiod.
\nOn 21 October, the Council adopted a Joint Action concerning the\nappointment of a new Special Representative of the European Union\nin the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by which, Mr Alexis\nBrouhns replaced Mr Alain Le Roy as the Special Representative of\nthe European Union in Skopje from 1 November 2002. On 10 December\n2002 the Council extended the mandate until 30 June 2003(financial\nstatement set at EUR 288.000).
\n- EU Police Mission (EUPM) in Bosnia-and-Herzegovina (follow-on\nfrom the UN International Police Mission) : financial arrangements\n: EUR 14 million for start-up costs for 2002 and up to EUR 38\nmillion for annual running costs for the years 2003-2005) of which\na reference amount of EUR 20 million shall be financed from the\ngeneral budget of the EU.
\nThe Council also adopted a Joint Action concerning the appointment\nof Lord Ashdown as the European Union Special Representative (EUSR)\nin Bosnia-and-Herzegovina. The Council adopted a decision\nappointing Mr. Sven Christian Frederiksen as Head of Mission/Police\nCommissioner of the European Police Mission in\nBosnia-and-Herzegovina as from 1 January 2003. Until that date, Mr.\nFrederiksen will act as Police Head of Mission/Head of the Planning\nTeam. The decision applies until 31 December 2005.
\n2) SOUTHERN CAUCASUS (Georgia) : the Council adopted a Joint Action\nregarding a contribution of the European Union towards reinforcing\nthe capacity of the Georgian authorities to support and protect the\nOSCE Observer Mission on the border of Georgia with the Ingush and\nChechen Republics of the Russian Federation. The amount allocated\nto the Joint Action is EUR 100 000.
\n3) MIDDLE EAST/GULF : the Council adopted the Joint Action\nextending the mandate of Mr Miguel Moratinos as Special\nRepresentative for the Middle East Peace Process until 30 June\n2003. The financial reference amount was set at EUR EUR 621\n000.
\n4) SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE : the Council also adopted the Joint Action\nextending the mandate of Mr Erhard Busek as Special Representative\nfor the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe until 30 June 2003.\nThe financial reference amount was set at EUR 160 000 from the\nCouncil's administrative budget and EUR 841,000from the CFSP\nbudget.
\n5) ASIA :
\n- Afghanistan : the Council adopted a joint action to extend the\nmandate of the European Union Special Representative for\nAfghanistan, Mr Klaus Klaiber, until 30 June 2002. The financial\nreference amount was set at EUR 30 000.The joint action of 10\nDecember 2001 appointing the Special Representative expired on 10\nJune 2002.
\nFollowing the agreement reached by the Council on 17 June 2002\nconcerning the nomination of Francesc Vendrell as the new Special\nRepresentative of the European Union in Afghanistan, replacing Mr\nKlaiber. Mr Vendrell was appointed for a period of six months from\n1 July to 31 December 2002. The financial reference amount was set\nat EUR 250 000. His mandate was subsequently extended until 30 June\n2003 by Joint Action adopted by the Council on 10 December 2002.\nThe financial reference amount was set at EUR 341 000.
\n6) AFRICA : the Council extended the mandate of Mr Aldo Ajello as\nEU Special Representative for the African Great Lakes region\nuntil30 June 2003 (financial reference amount: EUR 341 000).
\n7) THEMATIC ISSUES : other than regional aid, the Union contributes\nfinancially to the following issues:
\n- disarmament and non-proliferation : a financial contribution of\nEUR 645 000 to the unit of experts under the European Union\nCooperation Programme for Non-proliferation and Disarmament in the\nRussian Federation. This Decision is intended to provide for the\nprogramme's continuation for 2002 and 2003;
\n- International code of conduct against ballistic missile\nproliferation : the financial support made available is EUR 55 000.\nThis support facilitated the launch of the Code of Conduct in The\nHague;
\n- Small arms and light weapons : the Council adopted a new Joint\nAction which aims in particular to include ammunition of small arms\nand light weapons, which was recognised as a cause for concern by\nthe Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms.
\nUnder the Joint Action, the EU seeks to build international\nconsensus on principles for combating the destabilising spread of\narms and light weapons and may provide financial and technical\nassistance to specific projects contributing to these principles,\nsuch as weapons collection, security sector reform and\ndemobilisation and reintegration programmes as well as specific\nvictim assistance programmes.
\nThe Council adopted the implementing Decision, which includes a\nbudget provision of EUR 200 000. Under this Decision the EU will\ncontribute to the \"South East Europe Regional Clearinghouse for\nSmall Arms Reduction\", located in Belgrade, which was established\nunder the auspices of the UNDP and the Stability Pact for SE\nEurope.
\nLastly, the Council adopted a Decision extending and amending\nDecision 1999/730/CFSP concerning a European Union contribution to\ncombating the destabilising accumulation and spread of small arms\nand light weapons in Cambodia. The European Union hereby extends\nits support for a further year, until 15 November 2003. The\nfinancial contribution is fixed at EUR 1,568,000.
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The committee adopted the own-initiative report drawn up by\nElmar BROK (EPP-ED, D) in response to the annual Council report on\nthe main aspects and basic choices of the Common Foreign and\nSecurity Policy, including the financial implications for the EU\nbudget. The committee repeated its insistence that the costs of\nEuropean security and defence operations should be financed through\nthe Community budget and that Parliament should be consulted in\nadvance on decisions on such missions. MEPs expressed their\ndissatisfaction with the Council's report which, they said, was\ntotally unsuitable as a basis for a dialogue between Council and\nParliament, as it was insufficiently clear on priorities or on the\nfinancial implications.
\nMEPs said that the EU's security interests were best served by\nidentifying tensions, preventing potential crises if possible and\nresolving conflicts in good time beyond its immediate external\nborders. Thus, the EU's main interests lay with the Western\nBalkans, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova, the Southern\nCaucasus, the Southern Mediterranean and West Africa, and the\nMiddle East. For the enlarged EU's new neighbours, new options for\npartial integration should be developed.
\nThe committee called for a study to be carried out into a rapid\nresponse budgetary mechanism and, ultimately, the creation of a\nCommunity defence budget. Meanwhile, Parliament should at least\nreceive an overall estimation of how much CFSP spending goes to a\nparticular region or conflict.
\nMEPs called for the EU to increase its defence capacities by having\na 5,000-man force permanently available for rescue and humanitarian\noperations from 2004, and by developing a capability within Europe\nfor conducting operations on a scale such as during the Kosovo\nconflict by 2009. They restated their view that the UN Charter is\nthe \"decisive political and legal basis\" for international\nrelations and the guarantee of peace and international security.\nThey also stressed that the UN system should be radically reformed,\npointing out that the EU and its present and future Member States\nwere the largest financial contributor.
\nHowever, the committee added that the international system was also\ncrucially dependent on the quality and reciprocity of relations\nbetween the EU and the US as equal partners, which should therefore\nbe strengthened as well as rethought. The strategic debate between\nthe US and Europe should be reinvigorated, with special attention\nto questions of how the reconstruction of Iraq should proceed and\nhow the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction can best be\nprevented, arms exports and the proliferation of conventional arms\nbe controlled, the issue of impunity be addressed (by the\nInternational Criminal Court, for example), and repressive\ndictatorial regimes and dysfunctional states be dealt with. MEPs\nwelcomed the measures taken by the EU in the international fight\nagainst terrorism, but called on all bodies involved to uphold\ncivil rights and freedoms and to treat personal data\nresponsibly.
\nThe report also said that a future European Foreign Minister should\nbe a Vice-President of the Commission and that the administrative\ndepartments within the Council and the Commission should merge into\na single foreign office within the Commission. MEPs criticised the\nproposed retention of the right of veto in foreign and security\npolicy.
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The European Parliament adopted a resolution based on the\nown-initiative report drafted by Elmar BROK (EPP-ED, Germany) on\nthe CFSP. (Please see the summary of 07/10/03).
\nFollowing its criticism of the Council's annual report, Parliament\nfelt that was necessary, in view of the critical development that\nthe CFSP has undergone during the Iraq conflict, that future annual\nreports should provide a genuine assessment of the Union's foreign\nand security policy activities. They should include a written\nreport by the High Representative or Union Minister for Foreign\nAffairs on progress in implementing a specifically European\napproach to security. In the light of an anticipatory\ncrisis-prevention policy, Parliament felt it necessary that it be\ninformed and involved in future in good time during the\nearly-recognition and planning stage of crisis operations in the\ncontext of the ESDP, the better to deliver a political opinion\nbased on firm information. Only a well-informed Parliament is in a\nposition to take the requisite personnel and budgetary decisions\nswiftly and efficiently. Unless it is so informed, such decisions\nmay be rejected.
\nMoving on to relations with NATO, Parliament stated that further\nconsolidation of relations between the EU and NATO as mutually\ncomplementary organisations constitutes an important factor in the\ndevelopment of a European approach to security. It called for a\nEuropean collective capacity for the planning and management of\nEuropean operations and a multinational headquarters which can be\ndeployed in the field for such operations in instances where NATO\ndoes not take action and the EU does not ask for NATO resources.\nAlthough the EU's present military capabilities are sufficient to\nconduct operations at the lower end of the Petersberg scale, they\ndo not extend to peace-making operations. Therefore, the creation\nof greater interoperability and deployment capability is an\nimportant precondition for providing Europe with a balanced\ncapability for coalition with the USA, both within and outside\nNATO.
\nWith respect to the transatlantic partnership, parliament pointed\nout that the latter cannot be defined only in military and security\npolicy terms within NATO. It should also incorporate combined\naspects of transatlantic economic, trading, environmental and\nsocial activities, and be guided by the principle of a\n'transatlantic marketplace' as the basis of balanced cooperation.\nParliament proposed as an initial practical step the introduction\nof mutual measures to make travel easier between the EU Member\nStates and the USA, along the lines of the Schengen\nAgreement.
\nFinally, Parliament stated that, as a central lesson learned from\nthe experience gained in the assumption of international security\nmissions, whether in the western Balkans or in Afghanistan, for the\npurposes of building a post-war order, the policing function of the\nESDP should be significantly strengthened and given its own\nseparate operational status between the 'military ' and the\n'civilian' wings.
\n